Creatine Atp

19Jul/08Off

Creatine Atp

When & how to use the body of Cellular Respiration, Anaerobic respiration, creatine phosphate for regeneration of ATP?

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

ATP-PC system (Adenosine-Triphosphate - Phosphocreatine system). Energy system that is used as quick way to regenerate ATP in the body, and usually lasts for 6 seconds to 10 seconds. This is important because if you use all your stores of ATP in the body in one go, they will depleated around three seconds. This only lasts for a short period of time than normal ATP, because a PC molecule can reform only one molecule of ATP, after all PC broken down in muscle cells, this function is no longer the energy system, and the lactic acid system takes over. ATP-PC system allows high intensity activity such as the explosion of movement that is to survive longer. The reason is described as ATP-PC is that the two compounds are part of the reaction plus; where the energy released from one reaction is used to restore the energy of others. Details of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate is exothermic reaction, which gives off energy. Details of Phosphocreatine (PC) to creatine and inorganic phosphate molecule is also exothermic. Energy released from the breakdown of PC used in the endothermic reaction to rejuvinate the ATP molecule. Enzymes were active during the rejuvination of ATP from ADP and inorganic Phosphate molecule is ATPase. This is all sarcoplasm occurs in muscle cells and said anaerobic as oxygen is not necessary for it to work. When exercise intensity drops, Phosphocreatine can be reformed by Creatine Kinase Anarobic respiration enzymes (more than 5 minutes activity) In the absence of, not requiring, or utilizing oxygen. Energy system works by converting pyruvate generated from glycolysis glucose, into lactate, converted by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The purpose of this system is to grow the two ATP molecules for every molecule of glucose one of which is used. Mechanism This system involves the oxidation of NADH + H +, back to NAD + by producing lactic them. This is so the NAD + can be re-used in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate to produce Two molecules of ATP. ATP re-enabled: on human muscle, high intensity exercise to continue to the point where lactate reaches toxic levels, at which point the muscles will begin to fatigue and eventually stopped working together-aerobics. 2-min activity in the presence, requiring, or utilizing oxygen. The purpose of this system to produce energy is to produce 38 molecules of ATP each molecule of glucose is used. ATP is broken down in the body to give ADP and inorganic phosphate plus energy. This energy system is used throughout the body, to produce energy for all metabolic processes, in this exercise is used for sub-maximal exercise such as running long distances. This system is used to regenerate the ATP used for energy in the body. This system energy otherwise known as 'aerobic respiration' and can be divided into three separate stages: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidation phosphorylation. Glycolysis - The first stage is known as glycolysis, which produces two ATP molecules, the molecular reduced NAD (NADH), and 2 pyruvate molecules which move on to the next stage - the Krebs cycle. Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm normal body cells, or the sarcoplasm of muscle cells -. Krebs cycle is the second stage, and the product of this stage aerobic system is a net production of ATP, a molecule of carbon dioxide, three reduced NAD molecule, one molecule of reduced FAD (The molecules NAD and FAD are mentioned here are electron carriers, and if they say would be reduced, this means that they already have H + ion added to them). The things produced here are for each turn of the Krebs cycle. Krebs cycle turned out twice for each glucose molecule that passes through aerobic system - As 2 pyruvate molecules enter the Krebs Cycle. Pyruvate molecule in order to enter the Krebs cycle they must be converted to Acetyl Coenzyme A. During this link reaction, for every molecule pyruvat which will be converted to Acetyl Coenzyme A, an NAD is also reduced. This phase occurs in the aerobic system Matrix Phosphorylation Mitochondria cells. Oxidation - This is the last stage of the aerobic system and the largest yield of ATP from all stages - total 34 molecules of ATP. This is called 'oxidation phosphorylation because oxygen is the final acceptor of electrons and hydrogen ions leave the stage of aerobic respiration (hence oxidation) and ADP get phosphorylated (an extra phosphate is added) to form ATP (hence phosphorylation). Stage aerobic system occurs on the cristae (infoldings on the membrane of mitochondria). The + NADH from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, and the FADH + from the Krebs cycle electron carrier passing on the reduced level of energy, where the energy released to reform ATP. Each NADH + that passes down this electron transport chain provides enough energy for 3 molecules of ATP and each molecule, and each molecule of FADH + provides enough energy for two molecules of ATP. If you do your maths this means that 10 total NADH + molecules allow rejuvination 30 ATP, and 2 FADH + molecules allows for four molecules of ATP for the rejuvinated (The total became 34 from oxidation phosphorylation, plus four from the two previous stages which means the total of 38 ATP produced during aerobic system). The + NADH and FADH + can be oxidized to allow the NAD and FAD returned for use in the aerobic system, and the electrons and hydrogen ions accepted by oxygen to produce water, harmful by-products.